Army of the Potomac

The Confederate Army of the Potomac, whose name was short-lived, was the command under Brigadier General P.G.T. Beauregard. Its only major combat action was the First Battle of Bull Run. After Bull Run, the Army of the Shenandoah was merged into the Army of the Potomac with Gen. Joseph E. Johnston, the commander of the Shenandoah, taking command. The Army of the Potomac was renamed the Army of Northern Virginia on March 14, 1862, with Beauregard's original army becoming the Army of Northern Virginia's First Corps.

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The First Battle of Bull Run, also known as the First Battle of Manassas (the name used by Confederate forces and still widely used in the South), was the first major land battle of the American Civil War, fought on July 21, 1861, near Manassas, Virginia. Unseasoned Union Army troops under Brig. Gen. Irvin McDowell advanced across Bull Run against the equally unseasoned Confederate Army under Brig. Gens. Joseph E. Johnston and P.G.T. Beauregard, and despite the Union's early successes, they were routed and forced to retreat back to Washington, D.C.

The Army of the Shenandoah was an army of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War. General Kenton Harper organized about two thousand volunteers at Harpers Ferry by April 21, 1861. Stonewall Jackson took control of the army on April 28. On May 24, leadership then passed to Gen. Joseph E. Johnston. Numbers had reached 10,654 by the end of June. By then the army consisted of four brigades and cavalry.

P.G.T. Beauregard, commanding the Confederate Army of the Potomac at Manassas, Virginia, requested assistance from Richmond, Virginia (the Confederate capital) to deal with a large advancing Union army, the first invasion of the Confederacy during the Civil War. Union General Robert Patterson had been ordered to prevent Johnston's assistance of Beauregard. He fought several small skirmishes and battles with the Army of the Shenandoah including a fight with Jackson's brigade at the Battle of Hoke's Run. Beginning July 18, Johnston successfully avoided interference from Patterson and moved his troops by railroad to Manassas. The troops arrived in time to support Beauregard in the First Battle of Manassas on July 21. Manassas was the only major action of the Army of the Shenandoah. Soon after the battle, the army was joined with Beauregard's Army of the Potomac under the command of Johnston. Later the combined Army of the Potomac was renamed the Army of Northern Virginia, which was led by Johnston until his wounding at the Battle of Seven Pines after which Robert E. Lee took command.

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First Battle of Manassas

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